CaCO3 from Anadara granosa shell as reparative dentin inducer in odontoblast pulp cells: In-vivo study.

Introduction: Anadara granosa (blood clam) shell contained 98.7% of calcium carbonate (CaCO3). This material has bio-properties that able to induced the dentin regeneration. This study is expected to reveal the nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-kB), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-ß1), and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) expression in dental pulp after application of CaCO3 from Anadara granosa shell. Material and methods: The thirty Rattus norvegicus strain Wistar used as model. The maxillary first molar was preparation using 0.84 mm low-speed diamond bur to made cavity. The cavity then applied glass ionomer cement (as control group) and other group applied CaCO3 from Anadara granosa shell. The teeth in each group were extracted after 1st, 3rd and 7th days of application for immunohistochemistry analysis for NF-kB, TGF-ß1, and VEGF-A expression. Result: The NF-kB expression in the group with CaCO3 from Anadara granosa shell lower than control after 1st, 3rd and 7th days (p < 0.05). In other hand, the TGF-ß1 and VEGF-A expression in the group with CaCO3 from Anadara granosa shell higher than control after 1st, 3rd and 7th days (p < 0.05). Conclusion: CaCO3 from Anadara granosa shell able to stimulate the TGF-ß1 and VEGF-A and suppress the NF-kB expression in the dental pulp. This material able to develop as dentin-pulp material restoration.

Difference of Chemical Bonds Between UDMA Bonding Agents with Ethanol Solvent and Acetone Solvent on Dentin Collagen

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the difference of chemical bonds between urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA) bonding agents with ethanol solvent and acetone solvent on dentin collagen. Material and Methods: This experimental comparison study used three groups: G1 (Control): UDMA and collagen; G2: UDMA, collagen and ethanol; and G3: UDMA, collagen and acetone. The groups were then pelleted and analysed with FTIR, then the peak value of carbonyl absorption band from each study group was calculated. The result of FTIR analysis and the peak of carbonyl absorption band (P) was calculated using the formula: P = (BC / AB) X 100; AB. BC is measured in centimeters. The study of chemical bond differences between ethanol-solvent UDMA agents compared with acetone-solvent on dentin collagen resulted in a graph of peak of carbonyl absorption bands of UDMA and dentin collagen groups. To determine the chemical bonds of UDMA from the top of the carbonyl ester absorption bands with wavenumber absorption in range 1700-1750 cm-1, the decreasing peak of the carbonyl absorption bands is assumed as more chemical bonds that formed. Data were analysed using Anova one way and Tukey HSD test. Results: There were significant differences between the three study groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: UDMA bonding agents' chemical bonds with acetone solvent are much higher than the chemical bonds between UDMA bonding agents with ethanol solvent on dentin collagen.

Effect of Topical Epigallocatechin-Gallate on Lipopolysaccharide-induced Pulpal Inflammation in Rat Models.

Introduction: Pulpal inflammation can be marked by an increase in tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF- α), malondialdehyde (MDA) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) level. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) demonstrates the ability to reduce cytokine expression, influence immune receptors, reduce inflammation, neutralize reactive oxygen species (ROS) and to inhibit pain conduction. The present research aimed to determine the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and pain conduction inhibition of topical EGCG hydrogels in Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced pulpal inflammation in rats. Methods and Materials: A total of 28 male Wistar rats were divided equally into four groups. The negative control group (N) received no treatment, while the positive control group (C) and the other two treatment groups (T1, T2) were induced with LPS for 6 h, followed by the application of topical polyethylene glycol (PEG) hydrogels for C group, 25 ppm EGCG hydrogels for T1 group and 75 ppm EGCG hydrogels for T2 group, before being filled with glass ionomer cement (GIC). After 24 h, PEG and EGCG were reapplied and refilled with GIC for 24 h. The pulp tissue samples were examined by means of immunohistochemistry (IHC) to identify TNF-α, MDA and CGRP expression. All the data obtained was analyzed with one-way analyses of variance (ANOVA) test. Results: The T1 and T2 groups showed a significant decrease in TNF-α and CGRP expression compared to the control group, but there was no significant decrease in MDA in either group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, topical application of 75 ppm EGCG hydrogels to the tooth cavities with six hours of pulpal inflammation has the optimal result in reducing the expression of TNF-α and CGRP, but not of MDA.